How it is calculated
- File size in bits = size × 8 × bytes per unit (MB = 1,000,000 bytes, GB = 1,000,000,000, TB = 1,000,000,000,000)
- Real speed = plan speed in Mbps × 1,000,000 × efficiency %
- Time in seconds = file size in bits ÷ real speed in bits per second
Working with video or screens? Try the aspect ratio calculator and the screen PPI calculator.
Worked example
A 5 GB file on a 100 Mbps plan at 90% efficiency:
- File size: 5 × 1,000,000,000 × 8 = 40,000,000,000 bits
- Real speed: 100 × 1,000,000 × 0.9 = 90,000,000 bits per second
- Time: 40,000,000,000 ÷ 90,000,000 = 444 seconds, which is 0:07:24
Why your number may differ
Real speeds change from second to second. Servers can limit speed, Wi-Fi can drop it, and some downloads start slowly. Operating systems often show file sizes in 1,024-based units, which makes the file look about 7% larger than in decimal units. Treat the result as an estimate.